EXPLANATION OF ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS

ADJECTIVES

What are adjectives?

Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing.

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What do adjectives modify?

Adjectives can modify nouns or pronouns/names.

person	thing
Mandy is a careful girl.	This is a nice car.
She is careful.	It is nice.
Mandy is careful.

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Where do adjectives go?

An adjective can be put before the noun). Then it is an attribute.

person	thing
Mandy is a careful girl.	This is a nice car.

An adjective can be put after the verb to be (is). Then it is part of the predicate.

person	thing
The girl is careful.	This car is nice.

Adjectives can go after the following verbs: appear, become, feel, get, go, keep, turn.

When we speak about what something looks like, smells, sounds and tastes - we use the adjective. Mind the difference between adjective and adverb.

I feel great.
She looks good.
It seems impossible.
The steak smells fantastic.

The adverbs in EnglisH

The adverbs and the adjectives in English

Adverbs tell us in what way someone does something. Adverbs can modify verbs (here: drive), adjectives or other adverbs.

Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing. Adjectives can modify nouns (here: girl)or pronouns (here: she).

adjective	adverb
Mandy is a careful girl.	Mandy drives carefully.
She is very careful.

Mandy is a careful driver. This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so use the adjective.

Mandy drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the adverb.

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Form

Adjective + -ly

adjective	adverb
dangerous	dangerously
careful	carefully
nice	nicely
horrible	horribly
easy	easily
electronic	electronically
irregular forms
good	well
fast	fast
hard	hard

If the adjective ends in -y, change -y to -i. Then add -ly.
happy - happily
but: shy - shyly

If the adjective ends in -le, the adverb ends in -ly.
Example: terrible - terribly

If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly.
Example: safe - safely

Tip: Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs.

adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
nouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply

There is no adverb for an adjective ending in -ly.

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Use of adverbs

to modify verbs:
The soccer team played badly last Saturday.

to modify adjectives:
It was an extemely bad match.

to modify adverbs:
The soccer team played extremely badly last Wednesday.

to modify quantities:
There are quite a lot of people here.

to modify sentences:
Unfortunately, the flight to Dallas had been cancelled.

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Types of adverbs

1) Adverbs of manner 
quickly
kindly

2) Adverbs of degree
very
rather

3) Adverbs of frequency
often
sometimes

4) Adverbs of time 
now
today

5) Adverbs of place 
here
nowhere

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How do know whether to use an adjective or an adverb?

John is a careful driver. -> In this sentences we say how John is - careful.

If we want to say that the careful John did not drive the usual way yesterday - we have to use theadverb: John did not drive carefully yesterday.

Here is another example:

I am a slow walker. (How am I? -> slow -> adjective)
I walk slowly. (Ho do I walk? -> slowly -> adverb)

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Adjective or Adverb after special verbs

Both adjectives and adverbs may be used after look, smell and taste. Mind the change in meaning.

Here are two examples:

adjective	adverb
The pizza tastes good. (How is the pizza?)	Jamie Oliver can taste well. (How can Jamie Oliver taste?)
Peter's feet smell bad. (How are his feet?)	Peter can smell badly. (How can Peter smell?)

Do not get confused with good/well.

Linda looks good.
(What type of person is she?)

Linda looks well.
(How is Linda? -> She may have been ill, but now she is fit again.)

How are you? - I'm well, thank you.

One can assume that in the second/third sentence the adverb well is used, but this is wrong.
well can be an adjective (meaning fit/healthy), or an adverb of the adjective good.

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Conclusion:
Use the adjective when you say something about the person itself.
Use the adverb, when you want to say about the action.